Plants with roots are much easier to get settled in and growing but most stem plants are pretty quick to take off if you get good cuttings. Lots of people will give away or sell cheap trimmings you can use, or if you post a thread in the wanted to buy section someone might likely do some trimming and send you a PM.
Plants like swords, twisted val, crypts, ferns come as plants with roots usually. If you ever get twisted val make sure just to plant the roots and not bury the green bit or it will rot away.
There is a lot of information on cycling here, it can be a controversial topic. There are couple of streams of thought - either use fish or not... if you do a search you will find more topics than you feel like reading :sml2: if you can get some filter media from someone else you can get the cycling started quicker.