My take on the Watts per gallon saga
‘Back in the day’ when people used incandescent bulbs to light up fish tanks and grow plants (however inefficiently) everyone had the same type of bulb and it was easy to measure how much light came out of a 60W bulb because everyone’s 60W bulb was the same.
However with technological advances such as metal halides, CFL tubes, T8s, T5s, T5HOs, T5VHOs and LED’s it was possible for more light to be produced for each Watt of power used.
The efficiency of the lights also increased with less and less energy being converted into other forms of energy like heat.
The Watt is thus a derived unit of power (named after Henry Watt) and not a unit that represents how much light a tube/bulb can produce.
Light output is measured by Lumens. Physicists will be accustomed to the term ‘candela’ (the two terms are closely related).
Therefore now-a-days I feel it is incorrect / inaccurate to use the term Watts per gallon / L (WPG/WPL) as the very scale that forms the basis for comparison is not constant. This is amplified by the fact that an 18W CFL tube produces the equivalent amount of light as a 100W incandescent bulb (the old type).
So practically speaking if someone had 2, 100L tanks; one lit with a 100W incandescent bulb and one with an 18W CFL according the the WPL calculation the person with the 100W bulb would have more light (1WPL) than the person with the 18W CFL (0.18 WPL) – and we know that this in practise is not true.
Thus it is possible for someone’s 108W of T5VHO light to be far brighter than 108W of ‘normal’ light from a tube, and so the WPG / WPL scale no longer holds as we strive to achieve higher levels of efficiency.