hello Dee,
As the others said with the water changes. Also feed the fish only every other day & small amounts. Never clean the filter under tap water. Add some salt, 1 tbsp per 60 litres.
What part of brissy are you from?
If you have any queries I help Aquariums Alive(Gold Coast) from time to time, give them a tingle.
Ammonia & Ammonium:
The first stage of the nitrogen cycle, in aquarium water, begins when proteins break down into ammonia. Proteins are found in fish wastes, uneaten food, and other decaying organic matter (detritus from plants or dead fish). The conversion or decomposition of these materials begins the necessary and natural cycle of the home aquarium. However, if left unchecked, this cycle can be one of the most detrimental.
Ammonia is easily and rapidly dissolved in water and can quickly cause a variety of problems. Ammonia is readily found in a pH level over 7.0 (neutral) and increases as the water’s pH and temperature increases. Ammonia produces low levels of ammonium, a relatively non-toxic chemical. Ammonium is predominantly present in lower pH environments (6.9 or less) and doesn’t carry the multitude of problems associated with the more toxic, ammonia. However, it should still be kept in check. Due to high salinity levels, ammonia is 30% less toxic in salt water.
Ammonia contributes to a large number of physiological problems in fish and invertebrates. Some of these are: 1) The reduction of hemoglobin’s ability to carry oxygen to the blood. 2) An increase in respiration activity contributing to more ammonia buildup. 3) The irritation of gills caused by the deterioration of the mucus layer. This leads to swelling and in some cases the formation of new cells on the lamellae (known as hyperplasia). This further impairs the up take of oxygen.
High levels of ammonia can also lead to the sloughing off of the mucus membrane on both the skin and the intestines creating lesions or external bleeding and internal bleeding of the organs. The brain and central nervous system can also be permanently damaged. Stress related illnesses accompany high levels of ammonia and poor water quality. If left unchecked, such conditions can prove fatal to your fish population.
Frenchy