If your filter hasn't been running, all the bacteria will be dead. The filter needs water flowing through it to keep the bacteria alive, or it turns into a massive cesspit. You'll have a massive ammonia problem.
If you're moving a filter from an existing, running tank, it should be cycled almost straight away - sometimes it might need a bit to build bacteria levels up, but if you slowly add livestock, you'll be fine.
I wouldn't use 'throwaway fish'. Putting fish under stress for nothing just because YOU consider them worthless is cruel and unnecessary. There are lots of ways to successfully cycle a tank without harming fish in the process, and I urge you to reconsider. When your tank is ready and cycled, slowly add fish.