Hi Dark,
Man have you opened a can of worms. Let me warm up by referencing you to my article on how to calculate the glass thickness.
http://www.fnzas.org.nz/glassthickness.0.html
Even this article states you can use a lower safety margin (thinner glass) at your own risk.
In most cases the design comes down to personal preference combined with a lack of engineering knowledge. Many of the tanks and stands available today are the result of what you can get away with, not necessarily what is the best design. It’s simple statistical logistics based around cost – out of how many tanks this size with this size glass and this type of stand break. If the answer is 1 in 20 in the first 12 months it may be acceptable to a manufacturer. They build a cheaper tank and stand and it breaks just out of warranty.
The glass in many tanks I’ve seen only has about 20% over the breaking tensile strength (based of the minimum tensile strength for glass). Most have at least 50% margin but it still not enough if you go off the glass manufacturers recommendation (which happens to be 380%).
Many stands are designed in countries where earthquakes aren’t a problem. NZ manufacturers then copy these as a proven design. If they only knew…
There is no one answer due to the vast range of preferences of people. Some want wood, some want steel and some want real cheap mate. A set of rules could easily be generated to design a tank of any size, shape and material with bracing to suit easy top access (hardly any good having side access!!). The rules would be quite extensive to cope with the large number of differing requirements. It would take a lot of work and you’d end up with a small book.
The approach I took when designing the 3m tank I made about a year ago was purely engineering based with cost strongly in mind. I worked out the loading on every member of the steel frame, plywood sheet and glass panel. Even then the tank would have flexed in a decent earthquake but shouldn’t have broken. You can only rely on well-proven engineering techniques and build in suitable safety margins. Here’s the tank:
http://www.fnzas.org.nz/fishroom/viewto ... k&start=15
Specs: Overall Size 3000mm(L) x 1000mm(W) x 1265mm (T)
Glass Size: 2850mm x 950mm x 19mm
Effective Volume: 2875L
Weight: 565kg (Empty)
All the drawings were done in Acad and there were pages of calcs. It took about 3 months to design before I even started ordering the steel. I already had the glass and 19mm plywood. I was surprised to discover 2 layers of ply were required. I probably would have got away with 1 layer but the calcs said 2. There was a 2mm bend in the ply when the tank was full!