alanmin4304

Since capsicum is the basis of pepper spray it may be better left in the fridge.

They need to be in a glass house and die off over winter on this side of the Bombay hills.

It is normally grown emersed because it grows a lot quicker but also converts to submersed easily. It has very soft leaves and travels better if grown emersed. I pack mine (submersed) for posting in a small bag completely full of water so it doesn't get so bruised in the post.

I understand you should not be selling them without the correct licences and permits.

Heteranthera zosteraefolia at a xmas party in a glass of lemonade?

I don't think there is any treatment that will kill all the algae without killing or doing severe damage to the plants. It is a matter of balance and providing conditions which will encourage the plants and discourage the algae.

But the rating is not so that all the light emitted is of that stated frequency. If you look at graphs they show a range of frequencies around that stated. I was asking if that changed with age.

To the best of my knowledge all glass is cut the same way no matter who cuts it. The only way it looks better is when you buy glass cut in china where the edges are polished and the hourly rate is a lot less than here. When cutting thicker glass like 10 or 12mm you can get a distortion on the cut when you first start it but a good cutter can organise so this part becomes the waste.

Does the K rating or CRI change as the tube gets older?

I think most are designed so the water is in contact with the UV source and is therefore cooled by the water. They generally need to have a slow flow rate to get the reguired contact time. They are sterilizers and will therefore kill what they come into contact with (they are not selective)

I only clean the sponges when the flow is very restricted because they work best when filled with gunk.

No, but the catfish was.

I did a lot of research on UV many years ago before building one myself and there are many things that are critcal in design such as water clarity, depth of water , water movement and temperature etc. You would need to place it after the filter, have a means of cleanig it and have the water movement slow enough to give adequate contact time. If I remember correctly the operating temperature was around that of a tropical tank.

Mine are impellar driven not air lifts and they work well for months on end without any cleaning.

Yes

I have them on three 1200mm tanks and they are great. I have a large Eheim on my turtles because they are grubby wee darlins but my other tanks are heavily planted and not heavily stocked with fish.

I think they show them that way to be on the safe side. I have used them completly submersed for years and they have been OK. I think they have a thermal cutout as well. If they have been used and there is a problem you will see the moisture inside the tube.

It is normally grown emersed because it grows quicker and cheaper.

Just remember to set the temperature correctly with the button at the top.

I think by the time you buy threaded end caps or inspections, a pump and the connections for your hoses as well as the media it would probably cost more than the example given

I think the other plants are Anubius are they not?

The plant is too big to be anubius nana

I have impellar driven sponge filters and and I take the sponge from an established tank and put it on the new filter in the new tank. there is enough bugs in the water and media in the old tank until the new sponge comes up to speed.

I think it is a peace lily and would do better on your window ledge in a pot.

luncheon or bread is cheaper.